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  <div class="section" id="unix-specific-services">
<span id="unix"></span><h1>Unix Specific Services<a class="headerlink" href="#unix-specific-services" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>The modules described in this chapter provide interfaces to features that are
unique to the Unix operating system, or in some cases to some or many variants
of it.  Here’s an overview:</p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="posix.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">posix</span></code> — The most common POSIX system calls</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="posix.html#large-file-support">Large File Support</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="posix.html#notable-module-contents">Notable Module Contents</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pwd.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pwd</span></code> — The password database</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="spwd.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">spwd</span></code> — The shadow password database</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="grp.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">grp</span></code> — The group database</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="crypt.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">crypt</span></code> — Function to check Unix passwords</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="crypt.html#hashing-methods">Hashing Methods</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="crypt.html#module-attributes">Module Attributes</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="crypt.html#module-functions">Module Functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="termios.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">termios</span></code> — POSIX style tty control</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="termios.html#example">Example</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tty.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tty</span></code> — Terminal control functions</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pty.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pty</span></code> — Pseudo-terminal utilities</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pty.html#example">Example</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="fcntl.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl</span></code> — The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fcntl</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ioctl</span></code> system calls</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pipes.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pipes</span></code> — Interface to shell pipelines</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pipes.html#template-objects">Template Objects</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="resource.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">resource</span></code> — Resource usage information</a><ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="nis.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nis</span></code> — Interface to Sun’s NIS (Yellow Pages)</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="syslog.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">syslog</span></code> — Unix syslog library routines</a><ul>
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